What is a Brain Stem Stroke

The brainstem is located directly above the spinal cord. It helps control involuntary functions like heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure. Nerves that are used for eye movement, hearing, talking, chewing, and swallowing are also controlled by the brainstem. Normal brainstem function is vital to survival.

A brainstem stroke happens when the brain’s blood supply is interrupted in this area. This type of stroke can result in death since the damaged brainstem can no longer control the body’s vital functions.

Recognising a Stroke: Think FAST

Even though brainstem strokes may not always show the classic signs, it’s helpful to remember the FAST test:

Face: Can the person smile? Has their face fallen on one side?
Arms: Can they raise both arms and keep them there?
Speech: Is their speech slurred?
Time: If you see any of these signs, call 999 immediately.

Causes of Stroke

A stroke occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is disrupted, leading to brain cell damage. There are two main types of stroke:

1. Ischaemic Stroke (Most Common)

2. Haemorrhagic Stroke

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Symptoms of Brain Stem Stroke.

A stroke in the brainstem can affect vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and consciousness, as well as movement and sensation. Because the brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord, a stroke in this area can cause a wide range of symptoms. These may appear suddenly and vary in severity depending on the size and location of the stroke. Prompt recognition of symptoms is critical to ensure fast medical intervention and improve the chances of recovery

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Treatment, Rehabilitation & Prevention.

Prompt and appropriate treatment is essential following a stroke, as it can significantly improve outcomes and reduce long-term complications. Treatment depends on the type of stroke and may involve medication, surgery, or life-supporting measures to stabilise the patient. Once the initial condition is under control, rehabilitation begins to help individuals regain as much independence and function as possible. A tailored therapy plan will support recovery in areas such as movement, speech, daily activities, and emotional wellbeing.

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