Treatment:

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Immediate medical treatment is essential to:

• Restore blood flow to the brain by dissolving a clot (in the case of an ischaemic stroke)

• Stop bleeding in the brain (in the case of a haemorrhagic stroke)

The medical team will take urgent steps to stabilise your heart and lung function. In some cases, a tube may be inserted into your windpipe to help with breathing and oxygen delivery.

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Medications:

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For ischaemic stroke, medications may be used to:

• Dissolve existing clots and prevent new ones from forming

• Thin the blood to reduce the risk of further clots

• Manage high blood pressure

• Treat irregular heart rhythms

• Lower cholesterol levels

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For haemorrhagic stroke, medications may be given to:

• Counteract the effects of any blood-thinning medication

• Reduce the brain’s response to bleeding

• Control blood pressure

 

Surgery:

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For ischaemic stroke, procedures may include:

• Embolectomy – using a catheter to remove the clot or deliver clot-busting medication

• Carotid endarterectomy – removal of fatty deposits from the carotid artery

• Carotid angioplasty and stenting – widening of the carotid artery with the insertion of a mesh stent to keep it open

 

For haemorrhagic stroke, surgery may involve placing a clip or a tiny coil on the aneurysm to prevent further bleeding.

After stabilisation, a feeding tube may be inserted to ensure adequate nutrition.

 

Rehabilitation:

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Brainstem strokes can cause significant and lasting effects. Rehabilitation aims to help individuals regain as much function and independence as possible through:

• Physical therapy – to improve strength, balance, and mobility

• Occupational therapy – to assist with daily activities and self-care

• Speech and language therapy – to support communication and address swallowing difficulties

• Psychological therapy – to help with emotional adjustment and mental wellbeing following the stroke

 

Prevention :

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To help reduce your chance of having a stroke, take the following steps:

• Exercise regularly.

• Eat a healthy diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish.

• Maintain a healthy weight.

• Drink alcohol only in moderation (1-2 drinks per day).

• If you smoke, quit.

• If you have a chronic condition, like high blood pressure or diabetes, get proper treatment.

• If recommended by your doctor, take a low-dose aspirin every day.

• If you are at risk for having a stroke, talk to your doctor about statin medicines.

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